Overtime (OT) for Construction Works

Dear Readers,

Construction Industry is the major employment creator for the (manpower) workforce. It is directly linked with country growth and infrastructures development. To meet the project schedule, extended working hours are the integral part of construction activities. 

If work time exceeds the fixed hours, employees be entitled to overtime payment rules for such hours or part of hour. This is paid at a higher rate than regular working hours. Also an Employee can work different work shifts according to their working hours, if available. But, the essential point is that employee need to be productive and complete their tasks then only overtime will be considered.

There are several laws in India which govern the maximum overtime hours allowed in India and also provide for an overtime calculation formula in India. Based on the industry one works for, the overtime payment rules vary. Some workplace may be governed by the central laws while the other might be a subject of state laws. Knowing employee rights may empower the working class.

In Construction Industry practice 11 hours daily work time inclusive of overtime and excluding lunch break. a person is entitled to be paid overtime wages twice his ordinary rate of wages in case he/ she is required to work for more than 9 hours a day or more than 48 hours in a week. The wages mentioned here is equivalent to the basic wages along with allowances, but does not include any bonus or other overtime wages. In case a worker is paid on a ‘piece rate’ basis, time rate will be calculated on the basis of previous month and the amount of overtime wages will be calculated accordingly. 

In any case, the overtime payment rules do not regard the gross salary. But if there is no statutory obligation and the employer wishes to reward the hard-working employees voluntarily, overtime payment rules in India do not restrict the same. In such a case, whether overtime is paid on basic or gross in India is the employer’s choice.

Welding Terms Part-7 (N&O)

Dear Readers,

This is a continuation of Part 6. This article will be a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of the Welding Works.

Neutral Flame – An oxy-fuel gas flame that is neither oxidizing nor reducing.

Nick Break Test – A method for testing the soundness of welds by nicking each end of the weld, then giving the test specimen a sharp hammer blow to break the weld from nick to nick. Visual inspection will show any weld defects.

Non-Destructive Testing – NDT involves the testing of welds without destroying the welds or parts.

Non-ferrous – Does not come from iron ore. It is mined pretty much in its true form such as copper, aluminum, nickel, etc.

Normalizing – Heating iron-base alloys to approximately 100 ºF (38 ºC) above the critical temperature range followed by cooling to below that range in still air at ordinary temperature.

Nugget – The fused metal zone of a resistance weld.

Nozzle – A brass attachment that is about three inches long and shaped as an open cylinder.

O2 – Oxygen.

OFW – Abbreviation for Oxy-fuel welding. There are three processes in the Oxy group including oxyacetylene, oxyhydrogen and pressure gas welding.

Open-Circuit Voltage – The voltage between the output terminals of the welding machine when no current is flowing in the welding circuit.

Orifice Gas – In plasma arc welding and cutting, the gas is directed into the torch to surround the electrode. It becomes ionized in the arc to form the plasma and issues from the orifice in the torch nozzle as the plasma jet.

Oscillate – Hand (welding holder) movement while dragging (back hand) or pushing (forehand) the weld Puddle.

Ovens – Used to remove dampness from the welding electrodes as moisture in the electrode adversely.

Overfill – Excess deposition of weld metal. Overfill is a waste of time and material and can weaken the steel by placing too much heat on the joint. (Opposite of this is Underfill)

Overhead Position – The position in which welding is performed from the underside of a joint and the face of the weld is approximately horizontal.

Overlap – The protrusion of weld metal beyond the toe, face, or root of the weld.

Oxidizing Flame – An oxy-fuel gas flame having an oxidizing effect (excess oxygen).

Oxyacetylene Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen.

Oxyacetylene Welding – A welding process in which the required temperature is attained by flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen.

Oxy-Arc Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained through an arc between an electrode and the base metal.

Oxy-City Gas Cutting – An oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of city gas with oxygen.

Oxygen Cutting – A process of cutting ferrous metals by means of the chemical action of oxygen on elements in the base metal at elevated temperatures.

Oxygen Gouging – An application of oxygen cutting in which a chamfer or groove is formed.

Oxy-Hydrogen Cutting – An oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of city gas with oxygen.

Oxy-Hydrogen Welding – A gas welding process in which the required welding temperature is attained by flames obtained from the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen.

Oxy-Natural Gas Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained by the combustion of natural gas with oxygen.

Oxy-Propane Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of propane with oxygen.

 

Know Your GST Identification

Dear Readers,

Wish You a Happy May Day - 2025

The GST number, known as GSTIN, stands for Goods and Services Tax Identification Number. GST is a comprehensive indirect tax on Goods and Services in India. It is a 15-digit tax identification number issued by the government of India to registered taxpayers. Any individual, company, or partnership firm registering under GST is assigned this identification number.

GSTIN consists of 15 digits. These are 15 alphanumeric characters, each has a specific purpose. First 2 digits represent the state of registration. Next 10 characters represent the PAN number of the GSTIN holder. Next is a digit which shows the number of registration against a single PAN number in a state. Next is Z which is common for all. In the end it's either an alphabet or a number which is a check digit.

First 2 digits : State Code of India

3-12 alphanumeric characters : PAN of Person / Company/ Service 

13 digit : Number of registrations in a single state

14 alphabate : Z, common for all

15 alphabet or number: Check sum digit.

State Codes.

To Know more about PAN Card click Here