TORQUE

Dear Readers,

Being a Construction Engineer, We often used a word "Torque" during tighten the bolts. Let us discuss about Torque.

Torque is a force that tends to rotate or turn things. You can generate a torque any time that you apply a force by using a wrench / Spanner. When you use a wrench, you apply a force to the handle. This force creates a torque on the nut, which tends to turn the nut.

Torque is a measure of the turning force on an object such as a bolt or Nut. For example, pushing or pulling the handle of a wrench connected to a nut or bolt produces a torque (turning force) that loosens or tightens the nut or bolt.

The torque units contain a distance and a force. To calculate the torque, you just multiply the force by the distance from the centre. English units of torque are pound-inches (lbf.in) or pound-feet (lbf.ft.); the SI unit is the Newton-meter (Nm); the Metric unit is Kilogram Force Meter (Kgf.m) / (Kgm)

Torque Conversion factors

Newton Meter (Nm) to Foot Pounds (lbf.ft) = [1Nm = 0.738 lbf.ft]

Kilogram Force Meter (Kgf.m) to Newton Meter (Nm)=[1 Kgm=9.80 Nm]

How to calculate the Torque and Torque Values  / Charts will be followed my Next Post

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Elliptical Hollow Section (EHS)

Dear Readers, Wish you a Happy Mayday.

In recent years Elliptical hollow sections (EHS) have emerged to the hot-finished product range for tubular construction.

It is relatively new shape of high strength and it is attracted significant attention from engineers and architects owing to their complementary qualities of aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. The distinctive varying curvature around the section is not only aesthetically appealing but also offers differing flexural rigidities about the two principal axes and high torsional stiffness. This cross-section creates an interesting alternative for engineers and architects in a broad range of design applications. It is also called Ellipcon section. They come in two shapes

1. Ellipcon section (Is an Ellipse)
2. Semi Ellipcon section (Half of an ellipse / D-Shape)

Both shapes are given the structure very outstanding architectural looks and the section having much structural advantage as it is like hollow section. Some of the advantages are listed below

• These Ellipcon sections are good alternate to traditional sections and they have all structural properties similar to hot hollow sections

• EHS (Elliptical Hollow Section) have greater bending capacity than the CHS (Circular Hollow Section) of the same area / Weight

• For structures with limited space these new section might provide design solution and increasing the open floor area

• For Non-Symmetric load situations this section would be more cost effective

The Ellipcon sections have constant external dimension with in the same size only thickness is increasing. EHS are generally produced with major to minor outside dimensions of 2:1

It is designated as Width X Height X Thickness, Weight is measured Kg/meter. Unit Weight of both sections will be followed my next post

For More Details about Other Hollow Section Please Click HSS

For More Details about Other Steel Section Please Click Steel

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Units of Mass

Being a construction engineer we are very often used to measure weight of steel is either Kilogram (Kg) or Metric ton (t). If kilogram is further divided we may know it is grams. If gram is further divided we may not know the units.

Some of the unit of mass are gram (gm), micro gram (µg), milligram (mg), centigram (cm), decigram (dg), dekagram (dag), hectogram (hg), kilogram (kg), mega-gram (Mg) or metric ton (t), grain, pennyweight (dwt), ounce (oz), pound (lb), dram (dr), short & long hundredweight (cwt), short & long ton, scruple (s), carat (c), gamma (y).

It is very interesting if we know other industry how they are measuring. Other than Metric unit of mass are as follows

Troy Mass (Used for measure Gold & Silver)

Avoirdupois Mass (Used for goods / based on pounds)

Apothecaries Mass ( Used in Pharmacy)

Do You want to know about Specific Gravity click Gravity
Do You want to know about Building Materials Click Building

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