Terminal Benefits of Construction Labour

Dear Readers,

Even though, the construction industry is the second largest employer in India, after agriculture. The casual nature of jobs in the unorganized construction sector can lead to poor working conditions, low salaries, and less job security. Construction projects are often located in remote sites, can be unpredictable, and there is a high chance of encountering unforeseen problems like weather. 

Terminal benefits are final entitlements of an employee upon termination of an employment contract. It is nothing but Money paid to an employee whose employment has been terminated because of a closedown or downsizing. 

Below Table shows the industrial practice of Terminal benefits for construction Workmen. A contingency has been included, which will be tailored to your requirements.

Please note that, if you leave the company on your own accord before the expiry of the notice period, you will not be eligible for retrenchment compensation as per the retrenchment notice already issued.

For costing, estimating, or rate analysis purposes, terminal benefit calculations are crucial to avoid significant crises. Calculating necessary cost provisions periodically and maintaining them can prevent financial crises and last-minute surprises.

For More Details about Basic Wages Click ABW

For More Details about Man Day & Man Hour Click Here

For More Details about Labour Welfare Click Here

For More Detail about Labour Law in India Click Here

Welding Terms Part-5 (I, J & K)

Dear Readers,

This is continuation of Part-4. This article will be a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of the Welding Works.

Impact Test – A test in which one or more blows are suddenly applied to a specimen. The results are usually expressed in terms of energy absorbed or number of blows of a given intensity required to break the specimen.

IMPREGNATED-TAPE METAL-ARC WELDING – An arc welding process in which fusion is produced by heating with an electric arc between a metal electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of impregnated tape wrapped around the electrode as it is fed to the arc. Pressure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode.

Inclined Position – In pipe welding, the pipe axis angles 45 degrees to the horizontal position and remains stationary.

Incomplete Fusion – A weld discontinuity where fusion did not occur between weld metal and the joint or adjoining weld beads.

Incomplete Joint Penetration – A condition in a groove weld where weld metal does not extend through the joint thickness.

Indentation – In a spot, seam, or projection weld, the depression on the exterior surface or surfaces of the base metal.

Induction Brazing – A process in which bonding is produced by the heat obtained from the resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current and by using a nonferrous filler metal having a melting point above 800 ºF (427 ºC), but below that of the base metals. The filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary attraction.

Induction heating – Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents.

Induction Welding – A process in which fusion is produced by heat obtained from resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current, with or without the application of pressure.

Inert Gas – A gas that normally does not combine chemically with the base metal or filler metal.

Infrared radiation – Electromagnetic energy with wavelengths from 770 to 12000 nanometers.

Intergranular Penetration – The penetration of filler metal along the grain boundaries of a base metal.

Intermetallic – A term used to describe a compound material composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a nonmetal.

Intermittent Weld – An intermittent weld, also called a skip weld, consists of a series of welds placed on a joint, with unwelded spaces between each of the welds.

Inter-pass Temperature – In a multi-pass weld, the temperature of the weld area between passes.

Inverter – A power source for welding machines that is much more efficient than the normal transformers.

Ionization Potential – The voltage required to ionize (add or remove an electron) a material.

ITP – Inspection Test Plan. (Similar to FQP). It's a plan that lists what tests and inspections should be performed throughout each phase of a project.

Jig – Jigs hold the metal or steel you are working on in place as you are fabricating. They can be steel clamped with a vice or C-clamp, bolts tack-welded to a table, or very elaborate frames.

Joined buildup sequence – The order in which the weld beads of a multiple-pass weld are deposited with respect to the cross section of the joint.

Joint – The junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined.

Joint design – The joint geometry together with the required dimensions of the welded joint.

Joint efficiency – The ratio of the strength of a joint to the strength of the base metal (expressed in percent).

Joint geometry – The shape and dimensions of a joint in cross section prior to welding.

Joint penetration – The minimum depth a groove or flange weld extends from its face into a joint, exclusive of reinforcement. Joint penetration may include root penetration.

Joint welding procedure – The materials, detailed methods and practices employed in the welding of a particular joint.

Kerf – The width of the cut produced during a cutting process.

Keyhole – A technique of welding in which a concentrated heat source penetrates completely through a workpiece forming a hole at the leading edge of the molten weld metal. As the heat source progresses, the molten metal fills in behind the hole to form the weld bead.

Kilogram (kg) – The kilogram or kilogramme (SI unit symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI).

kW (Kilowatts) – A kilowatt is simply 1,000 watts, which is a measure of power. Primary kW is the actual power used by a power source when it is producing its rated output. Secondary kW is the actual power output of a welding power source.

Abbreviations Used in Construction Industry - Part 3 (G to L)

Dear Readers, 

This is continuation of Part-2. Successful project delivery includes both written and oral communication is more important. For communication it is mandatory to understand the acronyms and terms used in construction industry. 

Meanwhile, construction project management acronyms help streamline communication and increase efficiency between project managers, contractors, and other stakeholders.

151) GA – General Arrangement. A general arrangement drawing (GA drawing) is a contract document, which records information needed to understand the general arrangement structural elements on a project.

152) Galv. – Galvanized.

153) Gantt Chart – A Graphical Representation of a Construction Project Schedule, Showing Tasks, Dependencies, and Durations.

154) GC (General Contractor) – A Company That Manages and Coordinates the Construction Process from Start to Finish.

155) GCC – General Contract Clauses. It is a part of tender documents.

156) GCW – General Civil Works.

157) GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) – An electrical safety device that protects against electrical shock.

158) GI – Galvanised Iron.

159) GL – Ground Level.

160) Glazing – The Installation of Glass in Windows, Doors, And Skylights.

161) GMAW – Gas Metal Arc Welding. and flux cored arc welding (FCAW). sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) and metal active gas (MAG)

162) GMP- Guaranteed Maximum Price – This is the maximum amount of labour, materials, and profit costs that a contractor can charge for a project.

163) GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) – A technology used for subsurface imaging in construction.

164) Grading – The Process of Creating a Level Surface on a Construction Site.

165) GRP – Glass Reinforced Plastic / Polymers / Polyester.

166) GTAW – Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. Also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.

167) GWL – Ground Water Level.

168) Hardscaping – The Design and Construction of Non-Vegetative Elements in Outdoor Spaces, Such as Patios, Walkways, And Retaining Walls.

169) HL – High Level.

170) HR – Human Resources.

171) HRS – Hot Rolled Steel.

172) HSE / EHS / SHE – Health, Safety & Environment. 

173) HSFG – High Strength Friction Grip. One type of fastener.

174) HSS – Hollow Structural Section.

175) HT – High Tensile.

176) HV – High Voltage.

177) HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) – The Systems and Components of a Building That Provide Heating, Cooling, and Air Circulation.

178) ICE – Institution of Civil Engineers.

179) ICT – Institute of Concrete Technology

180) ID/OD- Inside Diameter/Outside Diameter – For piping, the inside diameter refers to the width of the pipe opening. The outside diameter is the sum of the inside diameter and twice the pipe wall thickness.

181) IDCT – Induced Draft Cooling Tower.

182) IFB – Information for Bidders. It is a sealed bidding process used when a department has a clear description of the project scope, requirements, and proposer qualifications.

183) IFC – Issued for Construction. “IFC” means the Contractor's Documents to be issued for construction of the Works that have been subject to all necessary approvals, verification, certification and release of applicable Hold Points required under this Contract.

184) IIE – Institute of Industrial Engineers.

185) IL – Invert Level.

186) In. – Inch.

187) IPS flooring – IPS flooring stands for Indian patent stone flooring, it is a basic type of flooring which provides good wearing properties.

188) ITB – Invitation to Bid. It is an official document issued by a project owner that targets contractors to solicit bids for a construction project. The ITB provides all bidders with information about the project including scope, duration, submission guidelines and minimum qualifications.

189) ITP – Inspection Test Plan. (Similar to FQP). It's a plan that lists what tests and inspections should be performed throughout each phase of a project.

190) ISBL – Inside Battery Limit. It is the barricading of work limits.

191) ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation

192) ISO Drg. – Isometric Drawing used for Piping works.

193) IoT (Internet of Things) – The Integration of Devices with Internet Connectivity to Collect and Exchange Data.

194) JCB – J C Bamford (plant manufacturer) Construction equipment manufacturer. World leaders in backhoe loaders and telehandlers.

195) JCR – Job Cost Report.

196) JD – Job Detail or Job Description. This is a written summary of the responsibilities, activities, qualifications, and skills required for a job position.

197) Jt. – Joint. 

198) JV – Joint Venture. JV is a business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task. This task can be a new project or any other business activity.

199) Kg. – Kilogramme.

200) KoM – Kick Off Meeting. (KoM) was to create the basis for a smooth project development, to review the overall Project timetable and to fine tune the work of the Consortium. After welcoming the participants, the meeting agenda was approved by the Consortium.

201) KPI – Key Performance Indicators. It is a measurable and quantifiable metric used to track progress towards a specific goal or objective.

202) kW – Kilowatt.

203) LC – Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit (LC) is a document that guarantees the buyer’s payment to the sellers. It is issued by a bank and ensures timely and full payment to the seller.

204) LD – Liquidated Damages – While drafting a contract, these are damages for an injured party to collect compensation for a breach of contract. In construction contracts, a contractor is often charged LDs for each day that a project goes beyond the agreed-upon completion date.

205) Landscaping – The Design and Construction of Outdoor Spaces, Including Plants, Trees, And Other Vegetation.

206) LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) – A Certification System Recognizing Best-In-Class Building Strategies and Practices.

207) LHS – Left Hand Side.

208) Lifecycle Cost Analysis – The Analysis of The Total Cost of a Construction Project Over Its Lifetime.

209) LL – Live Load.

210) LMP – Labour, Material, Plant and Machinery. These are the basic requirements of Resources.

211) LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas. It is natural gas that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport.

212) LOA – Letter of Authorisation. It is a legal document in which the executing party makes certain assertions to a service provider about their authorization.

213) LOD (Level of Detail) – The Level of Detail Required in a Construction Document or Model.

214) LOI – Letter of Intent. Letter of Intent is a document declaring the preliminary commitment of one party to do business with another party.

215) LOP – Loss of Pay.

216) LOTO – Lock-Out, Tag-Out. This is a set of procedures that are used to ensure that equipment or systems are shut down, inoperable, and (where relevant) de-energized prior to any maintenance or repair work.

217) LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Also called liquid petroleum gas is a flammable blend of hydrocarbon gases applicable for fuel in heating, cooking, and automotive appliances.

218) Lqd. – Liquid.

219) LS – Lumpsum – Strictly speaking, a lump sum is a single payment of money instead of payment instalments.

220) LTI – Lost Time Injury. (LTI) is something that results in a fatality, permanent disability, or time lost from work. It could be as little as one day or a shift off work being lost, or months of rehabilitation.