Effects of Alloying Element

Dear Readers,

We often used alloy steel during our construction activity especially piping works in Power plants & Refineries. 

Alloys are usually stronger than pure metals, although they generally offer reduced electrical and thermal conductivity. Strength is the most important criterion by which many structural materials are judged. Therefore, alloys are used for engineering construction. The synergistic effect of alloying elements and heat treatment produces a tremendous variety of microstructures and properties. Important properties of Alloy Elements are as follows.

1. Carbon (C) : Carbon is a non-metallic element, It is a very strong austenitizer and increases the strength of steel.

2. Manganese (Mn) : Toughness

3. Chromium (Cr) : Hardness, strength, and Corrosion Resistance

4. Vanadium (V) : Strength and grain growth during heat treatment

5. Sulphur (S) : Residual Element

6. Phosphorous (P) : Residual Element

7. Silicon (Si) : < 0.3% Deoxidizer

8. Molybdenum (Mo) : 1% is for creep resistance. hardenability and strength, particularly at high temperatures.

9. Aluminum (Al) :  Grain refiner, < 0.008% deoxidizer + toughness

10. Nickel (Ni) : Low Temperature applications

11. Copper (Cu) : Used for weathering steels

12. Titanium (Ti) : Grain refiner, used as a micro-alloying element ( Strength and Toughness)

13. Niobium (Nb) : Grain refiner, used as a micro-alloying element ( Strength and Toughness)

14. Tungsten (W) : Stable carbides and refines grain size so as to increase hardness, particularly at high temperatures.

Difference Between Steel Sheet vs Steel Plate vs Steel Foil

Dear Readers,

Difference Between Steel Sheet vs Steel Plate vs Steel Foils are as follows. Thickness is a main criteria for all

Metal Foil

Metal foil is a very thin sheet of metal that has been hammered or rolled flat. Metal foils can be made from any type of metal, although the most commonly found foils are aluminum foil and gold foil. Aluminum foil typically has a thickness of .03mm, although any sheet of metal with a thickness of less than 0.2mm is considered a foil.

Steel Sheet

Steel Sheet is any metal that is thicker than a foil and thinner than 6mm, the thickness of a metal plate. Steel Sheet is often used for building structures that do not require durability. It is also often corrugated or diamonded for additional strength without increasing weight. Corrugation is the creasing of the metal at regular intervals to form ridges, and diamonding is the addition of diamond ridges that add structure to the metal.

Steel Plate

Once the steel is more than 6mm thick it is known as steel plate. Steel Plate is used in applications where durability is more important than saving weight. It is used in automobiles where durability is required to pass crash testing.

The Difference

The only difference between sheet and plate steel is the gauge (thickness) of the metal. They both have very different uses, depending on the varying durability and weight requirements for different projects.

Unit Weight of M.S. Sheets

Dear Readers,

We are very often use the sheets and plates during construction activities. Sheet metal and plate metal are different forms of steel. The most notable difference between plate and sheet metal is the thickness of the products. Plate metal is thicker when compared to sheet metal.

In general thickness less then 5.99 mm is called sheet and more than 6 mm is called plates. Sheets can be measured in SWG or in mm (millimeter). Unit weight of Sheets is as follows.

Sheet metal is produced on an industrial scale by applying rolling, processing and drying techniques. Eventually it is the process of rolling that will decide whether a particular metal will be classified as sheet or plate. Rolling metal adds pressure which determines the overall thickness of the metal. If the metal is rolled thin then it is considered to be sheet and if it is thick then the metal can be classified as plate.

Unit Weight of Metals

Dear Readers,

 

Now you may well aware about to calculate the weights of steel structures. During construction activities you want to calculate the weights of steel members you will do it absolutely. However if the material is other than steel?It is very simple, formula is same but the specific weight (kg/Cum) is varies.

 

Example below illustrate to calculate  plate size is 1500 X 1500 X 6 with different material (Iron & Copper)

 

For Steel ( 7850kg/Cum or 7.85kg/sqm)

                = (1.5 X 1.5 X 6 X 7.85)

                = 105.975 kg

 

For Copper Plate same size (8930kg/Cum or 8.93Kg/sqm)

                = (1.5 X 1.5 X 6 X 8.93)

                = 120.555 kg

 

For Unit Weight of more metals listed below table

 

 

Hope above table would be more useful for Construction Engineers. If any queries please send your queries through contact form or send a mail to engineerdiary@gmail.com

 

For More Details about Steel Weight Calculation click Here

For More Details about Specific Gravity click SG 

For More Details about Other Material Weight click Here

For More Details about Unit Weight of Building Materials click BM

For More Details about Dead Weight of Construction Materials click CM

 

Best Quote: No one has travelled the road of success without crossing streets of failure. Have A Nice Day

 

Mass Chart

This is continuation with my previous post Specific Gravity

The mass of over 30 different metals and alloys are listed below. While the data is useful for design, individual samples will differ. Impurities will often have an influence.

Specific Gravity

As you well aware that all materials having individual properties and weights based on the density. How we can compare the different materials in a same platform.

Pure water was chosen as the 'base line' for specific gravity and given the value of 1. The specific gravity of all other materials are compared to water as a fraction heavier or lighter density.

For example, Copper has a specific gravity (sg) of 8.93 (8930 kg/cu.m)

One handy metric link between units to remember is that 1 Litre [1000cc] of pure water weighs 1 kilogram.Equally, 1 milliliter of pure water has a mass of 1 gram or 1mL = 1g.

As specific gravity is just a comparison, it can be applied across any units.
Specific gravity is the same number as density but without any units (adimensional).

Weight Calculation for Other Metals

In continuation with my previous post let us see how to calculate the weights othar than steel.

Basic formula for any material calculation is

Area in Square Meter multiple by Thickness and Multiple by Specific gravity of particular material

Weight = Length X Width X Thickness X Specific Gravity of material

UOM  for Length & Width is Meter, For Thickness is Milli Meter

What is mean by Specific Gravity will see in my next post