Welding Terms Part-7 (N&O)

Dear Readers,

This is a continuation of Part 6. This article will be a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of the Welding Works.

Neutral Flame – An oxy-fuel gas flame that is neither oxidizing nor reducing.

Nick Break Test – A method for testing the soundness of welds by nicking each end of the weld, then giving the test specimen a sharp hammer blow to break the weld from nick to nick. Visual inspection will show any weld defects.

Non-Destructive Testing – NDT involves the testing of welds without destroying the welds or parts.

Non-ferrous – Does not come from iron ore. It is mined pretty much in its true form such as copper, aluminum, nickel, etc.

Normalizing – Heating iron-base alloys to approximately 100 ºF (38 ºC) above the critical temperature range followed by cooling to below that range in still air at ordinary temperature.

Nugget – The fused metal zone of a resistance weld.

Nozzle – A brass attachment that is about three inches long and shaped as an open cylinder.

O2 – Oxygen.

OFW – Abbreviation for Oxy-fuel welding. There are three processes in the Oxy group including oxyacetylene, oxyhydrogen and pressure gas welding.

Open-Circuit Voltage – The voltage between the output terminals of the welding machine when no current is flowing in the welding circuit.

Orifice Gas – In plasma arc welding and cutting, the gas is directed into the torch to surround the electrode. It becomes ionized in the arc to form the plasma and issues from the orifice in the torch nozzle as the plasma jet.

Oscillate – Hand (welding holder) movement while dragging (back hand) or pushing (forehand) the weld Puddle.

Ovens – Used to remove dampness from the welding electrodes as moisture in the electrode adversely.

Overfill – Excess deposition of weld metal. Overfill is a waste of time and material and can weaken the steel by placing too much heat on the joint. (Opposite of this is Underfill)

Overhead Position – The position in which welding is performed from the underside of a joint and the face of the weld is approximately horizontal.

Overlap – The protrusion of weld metal beyond the toe, face, or root of the weld.

Oxidizing Flame – An oxy-fuel gas flame having an oxidizing effect (excess oxygen).

Oxyacetylene Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen.

Oxyacetylene Welding – A welding process in which the required temperature is attained by flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen.

Oxy-Arc Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained through an arc between an electrode and the base metal.

Oxy-City Gas Cutting – An oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of city gas with oxygen.

Oxygen Cutting – A process of cutting ferrous metals by means of the chemical action of oxygen on elements in the base metal at elevated temperatures.

Oxygen Gouging – An application of oxygen cutting in which a chamfer or groove is formed.

Oxy-Hydrogen Cutting – An oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of city gas with oxygen.

Oxy-Hydrogen Welding – A gas welding process in which the required welding temperature is attained by flames obtained from the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen.

Oxy-Natural Gas Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained by the combustion of natural gas with oxygen.

Oxy-Propane Cutting – An Oxygen cutting process in which the necessary cutting temperature is maintained by flames obtained from the combustion of propane with oxygen.

 

Welding Terms Part-6 (L&M)

     Dear Readers.

This is continuation of Part-5. Welding is a highly technical field requiring specialized acronyms and abbreviations. This article will be a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of the Welding Works.

Lap Joint – A joint between two overlapping members in parallel planes.

Laser – A device that provides a concentrated coherent light beam. Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Laser Beam Cutting – A process that severs material with the heat from a concentrated coherent beam impinging upon the workpiece.

Laser Beam Welding – A process that fuses material with the heat from a concentrated coherent beam impinging upon the members to be joined.

Layer – A stratum of weld metal or surfacing material. The layer may consist of one or more weld beads laid side by side.

Leads – These are the lines from the machine to what you are welding that carry the current.

Leg of Fillet Weld – The distance from the root of the joint to the toe of the fillet weld.

Liquidus – The lowest temperature at which a metal or an alloy is completely liquid.

Local preheating – Preheating a specific portion of a structure.

Local stress relief heat treatment – Stress relief heat treatment of a specific portion of a structure.

Longitudinal sequence – The order in which the increments of a continuous weld are deposited with respect to its length.

Machine Welding – Equipment performs the weld while a person watches to make sure it is working right. They will also visually inspect the completed weld.

Macro Testing – A destructive testing method where the sections of a weld are polished, etched and examined under a microscope for defects.

Mandrel – A metal bar serving as a core around which other metals are cast, forged, or extruded, forming a true, center hole.

Manifold – A multiple header for interconnection of gas or fluid sources with distribution points.

Manual Welding – A welding process where the torch or electrode holder is manipulated by hand.

Mash Seam Welding – A seam weld made in a lap joint in which the thickness at the lap is reduced to approximately the thickness of one of the lapped joints by applying pressure while the metal is in a plastic state.

Mechanical Bond – The adherence of a thermal-spray deposit to a roughened surface by particle interlocking.

Mechanized Welding – Welding with equipment where manual adjustment of controls is required in response to variations in the welding process. The torch or electrode holder is held by a mechanical device.

Melting Point – The temperature at which a metal begins to liquefy.

Melting Rate – How much of the rod (electrode), wire, or TIG rod is melted in a certain amount of time. Or the temperature range between solidus and liquidus.

Melt-Through – Visible reinforcement produced on the opposite side of a welded joint from one side.

Metal-Arc Cutting – The process of cutting metals by melting with the heat of the metal arc. Arc metal cutting is a thermal cutting process that uses an arc between an electrode and the workpiece to melt and remove metal.

Metal-Arc Welding – An arc welding process in which a metal electrode is held so that the heat of the arc fuses both the electrode and the work to form a weld.

Metal Cored Arc Welding – A tubular electrode process where the hollow configuration contains alloying materials.

Metal Cored Electrode – A composite tubular electrode consisting of a metal sheath and a core of various powdered materials, producing no more than slag islands on the face of the weld bead. External shielding is required.

Metal electrode – A fillet or non-filler metal electrode, used in arc welding or cutting consisting of a metal wire or rod that has been manufactured by any method and that is either bare or covered with a suitable covering or coating.

Metallizing – A method of overlay or metal bonding to repair worn parts.

Metallic bond – The principal bond which holds metals together and which is formed between base metals and filler metals in all welding processes.

Method – An orderly arrangement or set form of procedure to be used in the application of welding or allied processes.

Microprocessor – One or more integrated circuits that can be programmed with stored instructions to perform a variety of functions.

MIG – It may be technically called GMAW, but in the shop Mig welding uses a solid steel wire rolled up on a spool and fed through a welding lead with a liner in it. Drivers push, pull or both to feed the wire through the lead to the welding gun.

Mixing Chamber – It is part of a welding or cutting torch in which the gases are mixed for combustion.

Molecular Weight – The sum of the atomic weights of all the constituent atoms in the molecule of an element or compound.

Molten weld pool – The liquid state of a weld prior to solidification as weld metal.

Monochromatic – The color of a surface that radiates light, containing an extremely small range of wavelengths.

MQP – Manufacturing Quality Plan. It is a basic test during manufacturing process.

MTC / MTR – Material Test Certificate / Material Test Report.

Multi-Impulse Welding – The making of spot, projection, and upset welds by more than one impulse of current. When alternating current is used each impulse may consist of a fraction of a cycle or a number of cycles.

Multipass Welds – When multiple welds are applied to one project.

Welding Terms Part-5 (I, J & K)

Dear Readers,

This is continuation of Part-4. This article will be a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of the Welding Works.

Impact Test – A test in which one or more blows are suddenly applied to a specimen. The results are usually expressed in terms of energy absorbed or number of blows of a given intensity required to break the specimen.

IMPREGNATED-TAPE METAL-ARC WELDING – An arc welding process in which fusion is produced by heating with an electric arc between a metal electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of impregnated tape wrapped around the electrode as it is fed to the arc. Pressure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode.

Inclined Position – In pipe welding, the pipe axis angles 45 degrees to the horizontal position and remains stationary.

Incomplete Fusion – A weld discontinuity where fusion did not occur between weld metal and the joint or adjoining weld beads.

Incomplete Joint Penetration – A condition in a groove weld where weld metal does not extend through the joint thickness.

Indentation – In a spot, seam, or projection weld, the depression on the exterior surface or surfaces of the base metal.

Induction Brazing – A process in which bonding is produced by the heat obtained from the resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current and by using a nonferrous filler metal having a melting point above 800 ºF (427 ºC), but below that of the base metals. The filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary attraction.

Induction heating – Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents.

Induction Welding – A process in which fusion is produced by heat obtained from resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current, with or without the application of pressure.

Inert Gas – A gas that normally does not combine chemically with the base metal or filler metal.

Infrared radiation – Electromagnetic energy with wavelengths from 770 to 12000 nanometers.

Intergranular Penetration – The penetration of filler metal along the grain boundaries of a base metal.

Intermetallic – A term used to describe a compound material composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a nonmetal.

Intermittent Weld – An intermittent weld, also called a skip weld, consists of a series of welds placed on a joint, with unwelded spaces between each of the welds.

Inter-pass Temperature – In a multi-pass weld, the temperature of the weld area between passes.

Inverter – A power source for welding machines that is much more efficient than the normal transformers.

Ionization Potential – The voltage required to ionize (add or remove an electron) a material.

ITP – Inspection Test Plan. (Similar to FQP). It's a plan that lists what tests and inspections should be performed throughout each phase of a project.

Jig – Jigs hold the metal or steel you are working on in place as you are fabricating. They can be steel clamped with a vice or C-clamp, bolts tack-welded to a table, or very elaborate frames.

Joined buildup sequence – The order in which the weld beads of a multiple-pass weld are deposited with respect to the cross section of the joint.

Joint – The junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined.

Joint design – The joint geometry together with the required dimensions of the welded joint.

Joint efficiency – The ratio of the strength of a joint to the strength of the base metal (expressed in percent).

Joint geometry – The shape and dimensions of a joint in cross section prior to welding.

Joint penetration – The minimum depth a groove or flange weld extends from its face into a joint, exclusive of reinforcement. Joint penetration may include root penetration.

Joint welding procedure – The materials, detailed methods and practices employed in the welding of a particular joint.

Kerf – The width of the cut produced during a cutting process.

Keyhole – A technique of welding in which a concentrated heat source penetrates completely through a workpiece forming a hole at the leading edge of the molten weld metal. As the heat source progresses, the molten metal fills in behind the hole to form the weld bead.

Kilogram (kg) – The kilogram or kilogramme (SI unit symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI).

kW (Kilowatts) – A kilowatt is simply 1,000 watts, which is a measure of power. Primary kW is the actual power used by a power source when it is producing its rated output. Secondary kW is the actual power output of a welding power source.

Welding Terms Part-4 (G&H)

Dear Readers,

This is continuation of Part-3. Welders can be found working in manufacturing plants, building job sites, and rebuilding infrastructure such as bridges and highways. Being able to move from industry to industry offers a higher level of job security than many other types of jobs. it’s useful to know some terms of Welding.

Galvanized – An electrochemical process where mild steel is hot-dipped into liquid zinc to make it anti-corrosive.

Gas Carbon-Arc Welding – An arc welding process in which fusion is produced by heating with an electric arc between a carbon electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from an inert gas such as helium or argon. Pressure and/or filler metal may or may not be used.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – An arc welding process where the arc is between a continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool. Shielding from an externally supplied gas source is required.

Gas Pocket – A weld cavity caused by the trapping of gases released by the metal when cooling.

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) – An arc welding process where the arc is between a tungsten electrode (non-consumable) and the weld pool. The process is used with an externally supplied shielding gas.

Gas tungsten arc welding-pulsed arc (GTAW-P) – A variation of the gas tungsten arc welding process in which the current is pulsed.

Gas Welding – Welding with the heat from an oxy-fuel flame, with or without the addition of filler metal or pressure.

Globular Transfer – A type of metal transfer in which molten filler metal is transferred across the arc in large droplets.

Goggles – Safety equipment worn to protect the welder’s eyes from harmful radiation while welding and cutting.

Gouging – The forming of a bevel or groove by material removal.

Groove – An opening or channel in the surface of a part or between two components which provides space to contain a weld.

Groove angle – The total included angle of the groove between parts to be joined by a groove weld.

Groove face – That surface of a member included in the groove.

Groove radius – The radius used to form the shape of a J- or U-groove weld joint.

Groove type – The geometric configuration of a groove.

Groove Weld – When a very strong weld is needed, such as where two columns are spliced together on a high-rise, it is important to get the maximum penetration and fusion. This is done by cutting a Bevel so that you can weld solid from the Root to the face of the parent metal. Examples: single V, single U, single J, double bevel etc.

Ground Connection – A safety connection from a welding machine frame to the earth. Nothing but earthing.

Ground Lead – When referring to the connection from the welding machine to the work, see preferred term Workpiece Lead.

GTAW – Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.

Guided Bend Test – A bending test in which the test specimen is bent to a definite shape by means of a jig.

Hammer Welding – A forge welding process.

Hand shield – Also called face Shield. A protective device, used in arc welding, for shielding the eyes, face and neck. A hand shield is equipped with a suitable filter plate and is designed to be held by the hand.

Hard Facing – A particular form of surfacing in which a coating or cladding is applied to a surface for the main purpose of reducing wear or loss of material by abrasion, impact, erosion, galling, and cavitation.

Hard Surfacing – The application of a hard, wear-resistant alloy to the surface of a softer metal.

Hardening – This term refers to a process used to increase the hardness of metal, typically iron-based alloys, by heating it above a certain critical temperature range and then rapidly cooling or “quenching” it.

Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) – That section of the base metal, generally adjacent to the weld zone, whose mechanical properties or microstructure, have been altered by the heat of welding.

Heat Time – The duration of each current impulse in pulse welding.

Heat Treatment – An operation or combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or an alloy in the solid state for the purpose of obtaining certain desirable conditions or properties.

Helmet – protection equipment worn to protect the welder’s face and neck.

Hermetically Sealed – Airtight. Heterogenous – A mixture of phases such as: liquid-vapor or solid-liquid-vapor.

Hertz – Hertz is often referred to as "cycles per second." In the United States, the frequency or directional change of alternating current is usually 60 hertz.

Hold time – The time that pressure is maintained at the electrodes after the welding current has stopped.

Horizontal Weld – A bead or butt-welding process with its linear direction horizontal or inclined at an angle less than 45 degrees to the horizontal, and the parts welded being vertically or approximately vertically disposed.

Horn – The electrode holding arm of a resistance spot welding machine.

Horn Spacing – In a resistance welding machine, the unobstructed work clearance between horns or platens at right angles to the throat depth. This distance is measured with the horns parallel and horizontal at the end of the downstroke.

Hot Crack – A crack formed at temperatures near the completion of weld solidification.

Hot Pass – In pipe welding, the second pass which goes over the root pass.

Hot Short – A condition that occurs when a metal is heated to that point, prior to melting, where all strength is lost but the shape is still maintained.

Hydrogen Brazing – A method of furnace brazing in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Welding Terms (E & F)

Dear Readers,

Following Terms are commonly used in Welding works.

Edge Joint - The outer edge of two plates butted up 90 degrees parallel to each other.

Edge Preparation - Before welding the edge of a plate or pipe, care is taken to ensure a sound weld. It may be torch cut or beveled, machined with a grinder, filed, or all three.

Electrode - Electrodes come either covered with flux, or just bare wire. In the field an electrode is called a "rod" in stick welding, and "wire" for Mig and Flux Cored Arc Welding.

Electrode Extension – The length of electrode extending beyond the end of the contact tube.

Electrode Holder – A hand clamp that holds a welding rod and conducts electricity out of the rod in DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODE NEGATIVE, or into the rod in DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODE POSITIVE.

Electron Beam Welding – A welding process producing coalescence of metals with molten slag which melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the work to be welded. The molten weld pool is shielded by the slag, which moves along the full cross section of the joint as welding progresses.

Electroslag Welding – A welding process producing coalescence of metals with molten slag which melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the work to be welded. The molten weld pool is shielded by the slag, which moves along the full cross section of the joint as welding progresses.

Eutectoid Composition – A mixture of phases whose composition are determined by the eutectoid point in the solid region of an equilibrium diagram and whose constituents are formed by eutectoid reaction.

Face - On plate or pipe welding there is a ROOT PASS, HOT PASS, FILLER PASS, and CAP. The root penetrates through the back of the plate, the cap is on the surface which you are welding, which is the face.

Facing Surface – The surfaces of materials in contact with each other and joined or about to be joined together.

Fan: Welding machines have a fan to cool the machine down and keep it from overheating. (Check the Duty Cycle / Working Hours) Some fans run constantly, while others run "on demand" which means it comes on when necessary and clicks off when not needed.

Ferrous Metal - Ferrous means that the metal is iron, or iron with alloys.

Filler Material – The material to be added in making a welded, brazed, or soldered joint.

Fillet Weld – A weld of approximately triangular cross section that joins two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint, or corner joint.

Fillet Weld Face - The surface or top of the weld.

Fillet Weld Leg - From the intersection of the joint to the end of the weld. There will be a leg for each plate.

Fillet Weld Toe - Is the end of the weld at the end of the leg. Again, there will be one for each plate.

Fillet Weld Root - Where the weld begins at the intersection of the joined plates.

Fillet Weld Throat - The distance from the root to the face.

Filter Plate – A transparent plate tinted in varying darkness for use in goggles, helmets, and hand shields to protect workers from harmful ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation.

Flame Spraying – A thermal spraying process using an oxy-fuel gas flame as the source of heat for melting the coating material.

Flammable Range – The range over which a gas at normal temperature (NTP) forms a flammable mixture with air.

Flat Welding Position – A welding position where the weld axis is approximately horizontal and the weld face lies in an approximately horizontal plane.

Flashback – A recession of the flame into or back of the mixing chamber of the torch.

Flashback Arrestor – A device to limit damage from a flashback by preventing the propagation of the flame front beyond the point at which the arrestor is installed.

Flash Burn - This is a burn from the radiation produced from the ULTRAVIOLET rays from the welding arc. It can burn the skin like sunburn, and even blister the cornea. You do not realize it until hours later when it feels like someone is rubbing hot sand in your eyes.

Flashing – The violent expulsion of small metal particles due to arcing during flash butt welding.

Flow Meter – Also known as a flow sensor, a flow meter is a device designed for measuring nonlinear or linear flowrate. It measures the volumetric or mass flow rate of gases.

Flux – Material used to prevent, dissolve, or facilitate removal of oxides and other undesirable surface substances.

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) – An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by means of tubular electrode. Shielding gas may or may not be used.

Free Bend Test - Also called a guided bend test, this is a destructive test. A coupon is cut from a test plate, the weld grinded, then the coupon (usually 1 ½ "wide by 7" long) is bent in a JIG. It is then VISUALLY INSPECTED for cracks and defects.

Friction Welding – A solid welding process which produces coalescence of material by the heat obtained from a mechanically induced sliding motion between rubbing surfaces. The work parts are held together under pressure.

Friction Stir Welding – A solid-state welding process, which produces coalescence of material by the heat obtained from a mechanically induced rotating motion between tightly butted surfaces. The work parts are held together under pressure.

Forehand Welding – A welding technique where the welding torches or gun is pointed toward the direction of welding.

Fumes - Welding fumes are a complex mixture of metals metallic oxides, silicates, and fluorides. Fumes are formed when a metal is heated above its boiling point and its vapors condense into very fine, particles (solid particulates). Welding fumes generally contain particles from the electrode and the material being welded

Fusion – The melting together of filler metal and base metal (substrate), or of base metal only, which results in coalescence.

Welding Terms (C & D)

Dear Readers,

Following Terms are commonly used in Welding works

Camber – Deviation from edge straightness, usually the greatest deviation of side edge from a straight line.

Cap Pass – The final pass of a weld joint, it can be made with a weave motion back and forth, or with stringer beads tied into each other.

Carrier Gas – In thermal spraying, the gas used to carry powdered materials from the powder feeder or hopper to the gun.

Capillary Action – The action by which the liquid surface is elevated or depressed where it contacts a solid because the liquid molecules are attracted to one another and to the solid molecules.

Cladding – A thin (> 0.04" or 1mm) layer of material applied to the base material to improve corrosion or wear resistance of the part.

Clad Metal – A composite metal containing two or three layers that have been welded together. The welding may have been accomplished by roll welding, arc welding, casting, heavy chemical deposition, or heavy electroplating.

Coalescence – The uniting of many materials into one body.

Coated Electrode - That is the flux on the filler metal of a welding rod.

Coherent – Moving in unison.

Cold Lap – Incomplete fusion or overlap.

Collimate – To render parallels to a certain line or direction.

Complete Fusion – Fusion that has occurred over the entire base material surfaces intended for welding, and between all layer and passes.

Complete Joint Penetration – Joint penetration in which the weld metal completely fills the groove and is fused to the base metal throughout its total thickness.

Concavity - It is when a Fillet Weld bead sags inward from the root Face to the Root.

Constant Current Power Source – An arc welding power source with a volt-ampere output characteristic that produces a small welding current change from a large arc voltage change.

Contact Tube – A system component / A device that transfers current from the torch gun to a continuous electrode.

Contact Resistance – The resistance in ohms between the contacts of a relay, switch, or other device when the contacts are touching each other.

Convexity - This is when a Fillet Weld bead protrudes outwards from the Root to the Face.

Corner Joint - One of the five basic weld Joints. It is when the edges of two plates butt up to each other at a 90-degree angle. It usually provides a groove to fill providing good Penetration.

Covered Electrode – A filler metal electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding, consisting of a metal-wire core with a flux covering.

Crater – In arc welding, a depression on the surface of a weld bead.

Crater Crack – A crack in the crater of a weld bead.

Critical Temperature - This is when the base metal transitions from solidus to liquidus as you heat it during the welding process.

Cryogenic – Refers to low temperatures, usually -200°C (-130°F) or below.

Current - In the electric circuit the current is the flow of electricity. What you're welding on resists the flow and that forms heat. AMPS are the measurement of your current.

Cutting Attachment – A device for converting an oxy-fuel gas-welding torch into an oxy-fuel cutting torch.

Cylinder – A portable container used for transportation and storage of a compressed gas.

Defect – A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect (for example, total crack length) renders a part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications.

Density – The ratio of the weight of a substance per unit volume, e.g. mass of a solid, liquid, or gas per unit volume at a specific temperature.

Deposited Metal – Filler metal that has been added during welding, brazing, or soldering.

Deposition Efficiency – In arc welding, the ratio of the weight of deposited metal to the net weight of filler metal consumed, exclusive of stubs.

Deposition Rate – The weight of material deposited in a unit of time. It is usually expressed as pounds hour (lb/h) or kilograms per hour (kg/h).

Depth of Fusion – The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous pass from the surface melted during welding.

Dew Point – The temperature and pressure at which the liquefaction of a vapor begins. Usually applied to condensation of moisture from the water vapor in the atmosphere.

Dilution – The change in chemical composition of a welding filler material caused by the admixture of the base material or previously deposited weld material in the deposited weld bead.

Direct Current – Electric current that flows in one direction.

Direct Current Electrode Negative (DCEN) – The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads in where the electrode is the negative pole and workpiece is the positive pole of the welding arc.

Direct Current Electrode Positive (DCEP) – The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads in where the electrode is the positive pole and workpiece is the negative pole of the welding arc.

Ductility - Is the metal bending and staying bent without breaking.

Duty Cycle – The percentage of time during a period that a power source can be operated at rated output without overheating.

Dynamic Load – A force exerted by a moving body on a resistance member, usually in a relatively short time interval.

Welding Terms (A&B)

Dear Readers,

Following terms are commonly used in Welding works. 

Arc Blow – The deflection of an electric arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces.

Arc Cutting – A group of thermal cutting processes that severs or removes metal by melting with the heat of an arc between an electrode and the work piece.

Arc Force – The axial force developed by an arc plasma.

Arc Gouging – An arc cutting procedure used to form a bevel or groove.

Arc Length – The distance from the tip of the electrode or wire to the work piece.

Arc Time – The time during which an arc is maintained.

Arc Voltage – The voltage across the welding arc.

Arc Welding – A group of welding processes which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc, with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of filler metal.

Arc Welding Deposition Efficiency (%) – The ratio of the weight of filler metal deposited to the weight of filler metal melted.

Arc Welding Electrode – A part of the welding system through which current is conducted that ends at the arc.

Atomic Hydrogen Welding – An arc welding process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an electric arc maintained between two metal electrodes in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Autogenous Weld – A fusion weld made without the addition of filler metal.

Automatic – The control of a process with equipment that requires little or no observation of the welding and no manual adjustment of the equipment controls.

Back Gouging – The removal of weld metal and base metal from the other side of a partially welded joint to assure complete penetration upon subsequent welding from that side.

Backfire – The momentary recession of the flame into the welding or cutting tip followed by reappearance or complete extinction of the flame.

Backhand Welding – A welding technique where the welding torch or gun is directed opposite to the direction of welding.

Backing – A material (base metal, weld metal, or granular material) placed at the root of a weld joint for the purpose of supporting molten weld metal.

Backup Strip — is a strip or section of steel butted up to an open gap between two pieces of steel.

Backing Gas – A shielding gas used on the underside of a weld bead to protect it from atmospheric contamination.

Back-Step Sequence – A longitudinal sequence in which the weld bead increments are deposited in the direction opposite to the progress of welding the joint.

Base Metal (material) – The metal (material) to be welded, brazed, soldered, or cut. See also substrate.

Bead - the deposited filler metal on and in the work surface when the wire or electrode is melted and fused into the steel. A stringer bead is a narrow bead with only a dragging motion or light oscillation, while a weave bead is wider with more oscillation.

Bend Radius – Radius of curvature on a bend specimen or bent area of a formed part. Measured on the inside of a bend.

Bevel – An angled edge preparation.

Blown-up - what you will be if you weld or cut on containers with fumes. NEVER weld or cut on any container unless it is new or you know it has been cleaned and safety certified! Containers can be toxic, flammable, or explosive.

Braze Welding – A method of welding by using a filler metal, having a liquidus above 840 °F (450 °C) and below the solidus of the base metals.

Brazing – A group of welding processes which produces coalescence of materials by heating them to a suitable temperature and by using a filler metal, having a liquidus above 840 °F (450 °C) and below the solidus of the base materials. The filler metal is distributed between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary attraction.

Burr – A rough ridge, edge, protuberance, or area left on metal after cutting, drilling, punching, or stamping.

Buttering – A form of surfacing in which one or more layers of weld metal are deposited (for example, a high alloy weld deposit on steel base metal which is to be welded to a dissimilar base metal). The buttering provides a suitable transition weld deposit for subsequent completion of the butt weld on the groove face of one member.

Butt Joint – A joint between two members lying in the same plane.

Busted Out - failing a weld test because of defects in the welds. "He busted out on his test plates and didn't get hired."

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