Dear Readers,
In Construction Industry any conversation around welding starts with a discussion on welding position, it is mandatory to qualify the welder. At site welding activity starts with welder qualification. The American Welding Society (AWS) has defined the four basic welding positions. The same positions is followed in construction as well as welding related industries.
The four basic welding positions are: flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead. An Alpha numeric is used to identify the position. Eg. 4F & 2G First number is used to define the position and alphabetic is used for the weld.
1 = Flat Position
2 = Horizontal Position
3 = Vertical Position
4 = Overhead Position
F = Fillet Weld
G = Groove Weld
1 refers to a flat position, either 1F or 1G
2 refers to a horizontal position, either 2F or 2G
3 is a vertical position, either 3F or 3G
4 is an overhead position, either 4F or 4G
The 1G and 5G horizontal and 2G vertical positions refer to the pipe position.
6G is an inclined position
Flat Position Welding: This type of welding is performed from the upper side of the joint. The face of the weld is approximately horizontal. The common term for this kind of weld is called, 'flat position' but it is also referred to as the 'down hand' position.
Horizontal Position Welding: In horizontal welding, the weld axis is approximately horizontal, but the weld type dictates the complete definition. For a fillet weld, welding is performed on the upper side of an approximately horizontal surface and against an approximately vertical surface. For a groove weld, the face of the weld lies in an approximately vertical plane.
Vertical Position Welding: In vertical position welding, the axis of the weld is approximately vertical. When welding is done on a vertical surface, the molten metal has a tendency to run downward and pile up.
Overhead Position Welding: Overhead welding is performed from the underside of a joint. In overhead welding, the metal deposited tends to drop or sag on the plate, causing the bead to have a high crown.
The welding positions explained above are commonly used by codes and industrial practice when qualifying welders and job execution.
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